Gender studies

Sociology

Sovereignty

Containment (computer programming)

Politics

Hospitality

Philosophy

Political economy

Political science

Tourism

Programming language

Multilateralism

Bilateralism

Human security

Chronotope

Computer science

Linguistics

Antipode

Europe has taken unprecedented levels of peacetime defensive actions against the perceived demands by African migrants for “absolute hospitality”. In collaboration with politicians across the Mediterranean, European political leaders are authoring a chronotope that removes Africa and Africans from global time. This discursive vision rests on an epistemological reorientation coding all Africans as potential migrants capable of threatening European and African sovereignty and security. This conceptual realignment has seeded a defensive assemblage of coercive controls, sociologies of knowledge, and a campaign to generate sedentary African subjects. Ultimately it is engendering “containment development” aimed at geographically localising Africans’ desires and imaginations. In an era of planetary entanglement and exchange, this discursively and materially excludes Africans from what it means to be fully human.

A Chronotope of Containment Development: Europe's Migrant Crisis and Africa's Reterritorialisation