Sex allocation and maintenance of androdioecy in the pedunculated barnacle Scalpellum scalpellum (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica)

Recent studies have shown that the number of individuals that can mate with each other (the mating group size, MGS) is a major driving force in the evolution of sexual systems in animals. Androdioecy is an important yet little-studied sexual system linking dioecy and hermaphroditism. Here, the individual sex allocation of hermaphrodites carrying dwarf males in the androdioecious barnacle Scalpellum scalpellum was studied. In accord with...