Gene

Follicular phase

Oocyte

Paracrine signalling

Cell biology

Motility

Biology

Endocrinology

Receptor

Growth differentiation factor-9

Genetics

Follistatin

Autocrine signalling

Embryo

Embryogenesis

Folliculogenesis

Internal medicine

Ovarian follicle

Growth differentiation factor

Medicine

Bone morphogenetic protein 7

Capacitation

Bone morphogenetic protein

Bone morphogenetic protein 15

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics

Understanding the physiology underlying the complex dialog between the oocyte and its surrounding somatic cells within the ovarian follicle has been crucial in defining optimal procedures for the development of clinical approaches in ART for women suffering from infertility and ovarian dysfunction. Recent studies have implicated oocyte-secreted factors like growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15), members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily, as potent regulators of folliculogenesis and ovulation. These two factors act as biologically active heterodimers or as homodimers in a synergistic cooperation. Through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms, the GDF-9 and BMP-15 system has been shown to regulate growth, differentiation, and function of granulosa and thecal cells during follicular development playing a vital role in oocyte development, ovulation, fertilization, and embryonic competence. The present mini-review provides an overview of recent findings relating GDF-9 and BMP-15 as fundamental factors implicated in the regulation of ovarian function and discusses their potential role as markers of oocyte quality in women.

GDF-9 and BMP-15 direct the follicle symphony