Association between serum ferritin and mortality: findings from the USA, Japan and European Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study

The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines have cautioned against administering intravenous (IV) iron to hemodialysis patients with high serum ferritin levels due to safety concerns, but prior research has shown that the association between high ferritin and mortality could be attributed to confounding by malnutrition and inflammation. Our goal was to better understand the ferritin–mortality association and relative influence of IV...