ROS-mediated lysosomal membrane permeabilization is involved in bupivacaine-induced death of rabbit intervertebral disc cells

Bupivacaine is frequently administered for diagnosing and controlling spine-related pain in interventional spine procedures. However, the potential cytotoxic effects of bupivacaine on intervertebral disc (IVD) cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully established. Here, we showed that bupivacaine decreased the viability of rabbit IVD cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, the short-term cytotoxicity of...