Chemistry

Western blot

Inflammation

Antioxidant

Microglia

Ellagic acid

Traditional medicine

Reactive oxygen species

Gene

Polyphenol

Biology

Pharmacology

Immunology

Lipopolysaccharide

Medicine

Biochemistry

Phytomedicine

Urolithin B is one of the gut microbial metabolites of ellagitannins and is found in diverse plant foods, including pomegranates, berries, walnuts, tropical fruits, and medicinal herbs. Although a number of biological activities of urolithin B have been reported, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of urolithin B in neuroinflammation have not been clearly demonstrated. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of urolithin B in activated microglia and define its underlying molecular mechanisms. The effects of urolithin B on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and cytokines were examined in BV2 microglial cells using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blot analysis. Microglial activation in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injected mouse brain was assessed using immunohistochemistry. The detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-i...

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of urolithin B in activated microglia