Nakagami distribution

Algorithm

MIMO

Statistics

Fading

Multipath propagation

Precoding

Minimum mean square error

Telecommunications

Computer science

Rician fading

Path loss

Mathematics

Estimator

Non-line-of-sight propagation

Channel (broadcasting)

Wireless

Telecommunications link

IEEE Transactions on Communications

This paper considers multi-cell Massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) systems where the channels are spatially correlated Rician fading. The channel model is composed of a deterministic line-of-sight (LoS) path and a stochastic non-line-of-sight (NLoS) component describing a practical spatially correlated multipath environment. We derive the statistical properties of the minimum mean squared error (MMSE), element-wise MMSE (EW-MMSE), and least-square (LS) channel estimates for this model. Using these estimates for maximum ratio (MR) combining and precoding, rigorous closed-form uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) spectral efficiency (SE) expressions are derived and analyzed. The asymptotic SE behavior when using the different channel estimators are also analyzed. Numerical results show that the SE is higher when using the MMSE estimator than the other estimators, and the performance gap increases with the number of antennas.

Massive MIMO With Spatially Correlated Rician Fading Channels