Durability

Statistics

Engineering

Curing (chemistry)

Mean squared error

Composite material

Materials science

Interlocking

Sawdust

Compressive strength

Mathematics

Environmental science

Cement

Pulp and paper industry

Structural engineering

Skid (aerodynamics)

Construction and Building Materials

Our research produced ultra-lightweight green interlocking paving units through combined usage of sawdust and laterite as partial cement and fine aggregate replacements respectively. Interlocking paving units, water-cured for 90 days at optimum 10% sawdust content, achieved compressive strength of 16.6 MPa and skid resistance of 64.5 PVT, which exceeded the minimum requirements of 3.45–15 MPa and 45PVT respectively. The developed ANN model was classified as very good in terms of prediction efficiency of compressive strength (CS) and skid resistance for different curing media based on Nash & Sutcliffe criterion of efficiency (NSE). However, the prediction efficiency for CS was better than SR in terms of NSE, root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean-square error (MSE), and was able to capture the interactive effects of considered factors. In line with ANN results, CS and SR increased with curing age but decreased with increasing sawdust content. In terms of durability performance and compressive strength development, the preferable order of curing media is water > laterite > alkaline > acid. Multi-criteria evaluation of ANN models is recommended for better interpretation of model efficiency.

Green interlocking paving units