Simultaneous pH‐sensitive and oxygen‐sensitive MRI of human gliomas at 3 T using multi‐echo amine proton chemical exchange saturation transfer spin‐and‐gradient echo echo‐planar imaging (CEST‐SAGE‐EPI)

Purpose To introduce a new pH‐sensitive and oxygen‐sensitive MRI technique using amine proton CEST echo spin‐and‐gradient echo (SAGE) EPI (CEST‐SAGE‐EPI). Methods pH‐weighting was obtained using CEST estimations of magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTR asym ) at 3 ppm, and oxygen‐weighting was obtained using measurements. Glutamine concentration, pH, and relaxation rates were varied in phantoms to validate simulations and estimate...