Homologous recombination

Gene

Non-homologous end joining

DNA repair

Recombination

Chemistry

Double strand

Genetics

DNA mismatch repair

Homologous chromosome

Homology directed repair

Biology

Journal of Biological Chemistry

Homologous recombination enables the cell to access and copy intact DNA sequence information in trans, particularly to repair DNA damage affecting both strands of the double helix. Here, we discuss the DNA transactions and enzymatic activities required for this elegantly orchestrated process in the context of the repair of DNA double-strand breaks in somatic cells. This includes homology search, DNA strand invasion, repair DNA synthesis, and restoration of intact chromosomes. Aspects of DNA topology affecting individual steps are highlighted. Overall, recombination is a dynamic pathway with multiple metastable and reversible intermediates designed to achieve DNA repair with high fidelity.

Homologous recombination and the repair of DNA double-strand breaks