Metaheuristic

Algorithm

Cuckoo search

Swarm intelligence

Machine learning

Mathematical optimization

Local consistency

Artificial intelligence

Pollination

Ecology

Constraint satisfaction problem

Pollen

Mathematics

Computer science

Probabilistic logic

Hybrid algorithm (constraint satisfaction)

Particle swarm optimization

Biology

Genetic algorithm

Artificial Intelligence Review

Flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is a computational intelligence metaheuristic that takes its metaphor from flowers proliferation role in plants. This paper provides a comprehensive review of all issues related to FPA: biological inspiration, fundamentals, previous studies and comparisons, implementation, variants, hybrids, and applications. Besides, it makes a comparison between FPA and six different metaheuristics such as genetic algorithm, cuckoo search, grasshopper optimization algorithm, and others on solving a constrained engineering optimization problem . The experimental results are statistically analyzed with non-parametric Friedman test which indicates that FPA is superior more than other competitors in solving the given problem.

Flower pollination algorithm: a comprehensive review