Chemistry

Engineering

Food science

Biochemistry

Enzyme

Biotechnology

Pectinase

Organic chemistry

Solid-state fermentation

Pulp and paper industry

Biology

Pectin

Fermentation

Industrial waste

Environmental science

Bioreactor

Waste management

3 Biotech

A plethora of solid substrates, cultivation conditions and enzyme assay methods have been used for efficient production and estimation of polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase enzymes. Recent developments in industrial biotechnology offer several opportunities for the utilization of low cost agro-industrial waste in Solid State Fermentation (SSF) for the pectinolytic enzyme production using fungi. Fruit waste mainly citrus fruit waste alone and along with other agro-industrial waste has been explored in SSF for enzyme production. Agro-industrial waste, due to the economic advantage of low procuring cost has been employed in SSF bioreactors for pectinolytic enzyme production. Acidic pectinases produced by fungi are utilized especially in food industries for clarification of fruit juices. This review focuses on the recent developments in SSF processes utilizing agro-industrial residues for polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase production, their various assay methods and applications in fruit juice industries.

Pectinolytic enzymes-solid state fermentation, assay methods and applications in fruit juice industries: a review