Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of biomaterials based in polyhydroxybutyrate reinforced with cellulose nanowhiskers determined in human peripheral leukocytes

Implants of materials that are typically considered inert have been shown to cause early inflammatory complications. In addition, implant wear products may also cause overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines in the long run. Among the cytokines is tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), which not only participates in the inflammatory response but also in the degradation of the bone. Therefore, a lack of production of TNFα by the cells of the...