Mussel-inspired modification of ion exchange membrane for monovalent separation

Electrodialysis (ED) is a promising and widely used technique for producing drinking water. Nevertheless, the presence of multivalent ions like Mg2+ and Ca2+ can be challenging in practical applications, because this leads to precipitation in the concentrated compartment, thus decreasing the performance of the ED process. Monovalent ion exchange membranes are capable of separating monovalent ions from a solution containing both mono- and...