Internal medicine

Radiology

Surgery

Sociology

Natural history

Venous malformation

Varicose veins

Cryoablation

Sclerotherapy

Ablation

Pregnancy

Modalities

Venous access

Catheter

Congenital malformations

Social science

Genetics

Medicine

Biology

Techniques in vascular and interventional radiology

Venous malformations are the most common type of congenital vascular malformation. The diagnosis and management of venous malformations may be challenging, as venous malformations may be located anywhere in the body and range from small and superficial to large and extensive lesions. There are many treatment options for venous malformations including systemic targeted drugs, open surgery, sclerotherapy, cryoablation, and laser photocoagulation. This article reviews the natural history, clinical evaluation, imaging diagnosis, and treatment modalities of venous malformations.

Treatment of Venous Malformations: The Data, Where We Are, and How It Is Done