Wireless network

Ubiquitous computing

Computer network

Wireless

Base station

Biology

Dissemination

Human–computer interaction

Distributed computing

Intelligent sensor

Embedded system

Paleontology

Wireless sensor network

Context (archaeology)

Computer science

Key distribution in wireless sensor networks

Botany

Taxonomy (biology)

Telecommunications

Internet of Things

IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials

Internet of Things (IoT) is a novel design paradigm, intended as a network of billions to trillions of tiny sensors communicating with each other to offer innovative solutions to real time problems. These sensors form a network named as wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to monitor physical environment and disseminate collected data back to the base station through multiple hops. WSN has the capability to collect and report data for a specific application. The location information plays an important role for various wireless sensor network applications. A majority of the applications are related to location-based services. The development of sensor technology, processing techniques, and communication systems give rise to a development of the smart sensor for the adaptive and innovative application. So a single localization technique is not adequate for all application. In this paper, a recent extensive analysis of localization techniques and hierarchical taxonomy and their applications in the different context is presented. This taxonomy of the localization technique is classified based on presence of offline training in localization, namely self-determining and training dependent approaches. Finally, various open research issues related to localization schemes for IoT are compared and various directions for future research are proposed.

Location of Things (LoT): A Review and Taxonomy of Sensors Localization in IoT Infrastructure