Finance

Composite number

Software deployment

Operating system

Algorithm

Physics

Engineering

Climate change

Environmental economics

Carbon fibers

Business

Economics

Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage

Natural resource economics

Organic chemistry

Order (exchange)

Chemistry

Ecology

Key (lock)

Carbon capture and storage (timeline)

Scale (ratio)

Computer security

Environmental science

Computer science

Greenhouse gas

Climate change mitigation

Low-carbon economy

Carbon dioxide

Waste management

Quantum mechanics

Biology

Energy & Environmental Science

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is vital to climate change mitigation, and has application across the economy, in addition to facilitating atmospheric carbon dioxide removal resulting in emissions offsets and net negative emissions. This contribution reviews the state-of-the-art and identifies key challenges which must be overcome in order to pave the way for its large-scale deployment.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS): the way forward