Teacher Grading Decisions: Influences, Rationale, and Practices

Student report card grades are an integral part of K-12 education, and grading is an important teacher responsibility, but experts are in agreement that grades largely fail to accomplish their main purpose of communicating student academic achievement (Cizek, Fitzgerald, & Rachor, 1995; Guskey, 2015; McMillan, 2001; Stiggins, Frisbie, & Griswold, 1989). Instead, because student grades are often created from an imprecise amalgam of factors that...