Nivolumab with or without ipilimumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: results from exploratory phase I cohorts of CheckMate 143

Immunotherapies have demonstrated efficacy across a diverse set of tumors supporting further evaluation in glioblastoma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety/tolerability and describe immune-mediated effects of nivolumab ± ipilimumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Exploratory efficacy outcomes are also reported.Patients were randomized to receive nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks (Q2W; NIVO3) or nivolumab 1 mg/kg +...