Multi-Objective Power Management for EV Fleet With MMC-Based Integration Into Smart Grid

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a possible solution for integrating an electric vehicle (EV) fleet into the smart grid. Considering the differences of initial state of charge (SOC) and the inherent randomness in charge/discharge demands from the various EVs connected to the MMC, it becomes challenging to control the MMC in order to satisfy the network and EV fleet requirements. This paper proposes a multi-objective power management...