Sustainable composite fused deposition modelling filament using recycled pre-consumer polypropylene

Composite filaments with differing harakeke, hemp fibre or recycled gypsum contents (0-50 wt%) in pre-consumer recycled polypropylene (PP) were produced and mechanically assessed. Furthermore, a novel method of measuring shrinkage in 3D printed components was also developed and used to assess shrinkage of filaments. The most successful filaments contained 30 wt% harakeke fibre and had a tensile strength and Young's modulus of 39 MPa and 2.8 GPa...