Function (biology)

Programming language

Kinetochore

Computer science

Gene

Cell biology

Top-down and bottom-up design

Biology

Chromosome

Genetics

Computational biology

Trends in Cell Biology

Biochemical reconstitution of kinetochore activities has shown how a catch-bond connection is established and maintained, how kinetochore proteins assemble onto a CENP-A nucleosome template, and how individual subcomplexes come together to mediate centromere–microtubule connections. Phosphoregulation of kinetochore architecture has begun to explain how microtubule attachment is regulated during the cell cycle. Kinetochore mechanisms for establishing centromere cohesion, propagating centromere identity during cell divisions, and regulating DNA replication timing are now understood in molecular detail. During a single human lifetime, nearly one quintillion chromosomes separate from their sisters and transit to their destinations in daughter cells. Unlike DNA replication, chromosome segregation has no template, and, unlike transcription, errors frequently lead to a total loss of cell viability. Rapid progress in recent years has shown how kinetochores enable faithful execution of this process by connecting chrom...

Kinetochore Function from the Bottom Up