Hypoxia suppresses osteogenesis of bone mesenchymal stem cells via the extracellular signal-regulated 1/2 and p38-mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathways

There is a growing body of evidence indicating an association between osteoporosis and vascular diseases, which are associated with reduced blood supply. Decreased vascular flow results in a hypoxic gradient in the local microenvironment, affecting local bone remodeling. Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been demonstrated to be the key to bone remodeling. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in vascular supply and osteoporosis,...