Gene

Messenger RNA

Language model

Translation (biology)

Artificial intelligence

Automatic summarization

Chemistry

Natural language

Information extraction

Programming language

Machine translation

Natural language processing

Information retrieval

Natural language generation

Computer science

Question answering

State (computer science)

Biochemistry

Multimedia Tools and Applications

Natural language processing (NLP) has recently gained much attention for representing and analyzing human language computationally. It has spread its applications in various fields such as machine translation, email spam detection, information extraction, summarization, medical, and question answering etc. In this paper, we first distinguish four phases by discussing different levels of NLP and components of Natural Language Generation followed by presenting the history and evolution of NLP. We then discuss in detail the state of the art presenting the various applications of NLP, current trends, and challenges. Finally, we present a discussion on some available datasets, models, and evaluation metrics in NLP.

Natural language processing: state of the art, current trends and challenges