Effects of Corrosion Pits on Wall Stresses in Cast-Iron Water Mains

Circumferential cracking or ring fracture has been identified as the most common type of failure mode for cast-iron water mains. However, the cause of circumferential cracking in water mains is not well understood. A number of different postulates exist in the literature on the causes of longitudinal stresses leading to circumferential cracking. The postulates are, however, not proven. This paper presents a finite element analysis to investigate...