Induced anisotropy by Mullins effect in filled elastomers subjected to stretching with various geometries

Anisotropy induced by stress-softening phenomena (Mullins effect) in filled elastomers has been intensively investigated using various stretching modes for pre-stretching. A sequence of two tensile experiments was conducted for the evaluation of the anisotropy: firstly the virgin specimens were pre-stretched by several modes, i.e., uniaxial, planar, unequal-biaxial and equibiaxial extensions, with various degrees of strain; secondly, the...