Robot-assisted Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Placement Using Three-dimensional Fluoroscopy

Pedicle screw placement is an advanced posterior fixation technique that can provide patients with great biomechanical benefits. However, the morphology of the vertebrae is complex and it is very difficult to insert screws without penetrating the cortex. Thus, new techniques for improving the accuracy of pedicle screw placement and safety are required. Herein, we propose a novel surgical robot system for percutaneous pedicle insertion based on...