Influence of orientation and roughness of heater surface on critical heat flux and pool boiling heat transfer coefficient of nanofluid

Pool boiling of SiO2/water nanofluid over a copper flat plate heater at various inclinations of the heater surface was investigated experimentally. In this work, the effect of heater surface orientation on changes in surface roughness and on the characteristics of nanofluid boiling was studied. We examined pool boiling of silica nanofluid at various concentrations (<0.1 vol.%) and various heater orientations from a horizontal state (0°) to a...