Nanomotor-Enabled pH-Responsive Intracellular Delivery of Caspase-3: Toward Rapid Cell Apoptosis

Direct and efficient intracellular delivery of enzymes to cytosol holds tremendous therapeutic potential while remaining an unmet technical challenge. Herein, an ultrasound (US)-propelled nanomotor approach and a high-pH-responsive delivery strategy are reported to overcome this challenge using caspase-3 (CASP-3) as a model enzyme. Consisting of a gold nanowire (AuNW) motor with a pH-responsive polymer coating, in which the CASP-3 is loaded, the...