Influences of Normalization Method on Biomarker Discovery in Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry-Based Untargeted Metabolomics: What Should Be Considered?

Data reduction techniques in gas chromatography–mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics has made the following workflow of data analysis more lucid. However, the normalization process still perplexes researchers, and its effects are always ignored. In order to reveal the influences of normalization method, five representative normalization methods (mass spectrometry total useful signal, median, probabilistic quotient normalization,...