Matrix Effects in Quantitative Analysis of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) of Rock Powders Doped with Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Co

Obtaining quantitative chemical information using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is challenging due to the variability in the bulk composition of geological materials. Chemical matrix effects caused by this variability produce changes in the peak area that are not proportional to the changes in minor element concentration. Therefore the use of univariate calibrations to predict trace element concentrations in geological samples is plagued...