PD-L1 expression in papillary renal cell carcinoma

The immune escape or tolerance of cancer cells is considered to be closely involved in cancer progression. Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is an inhibitory receptor expressed on activating T cells, and several types of cancer cells were found to express PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) and ligand 2 (PD-L2). In the present study, we investigated PD-L1/2 expression in papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC). We found PD-L1 expression in 29 of 102 cases, but no PD-L2...