The effects of feedback on students' achievement goals: Interaction between reference of comparison and regulatory focus

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of reference of comparison (i.e., self-referential vs. normative) and regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention) on students' subsequent achievement goals. We hypothesized that the negative effect of normative feedback on students' achievement goals would decrease or disappear when the feedback is promotion focused. The results from an experimental study (n = 155 sixth and seventh...