In vitro inflammatory effects of polyhexamethylene biguanide through NF-κB activation in A549 cells

Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) is a member of the polymeric guanidine family, which is used as a biocide and preservative in industrial, medicinal, and consumer products. Some studies reported that polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate, which is also a member of the guanidine family, induced severe inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs. However, limited studies have evaluated the pulmonary toxicity of PHMB associated with inflammatory...