CVD-grown monolayer graphene induces osteogenic but not odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells

The objective was to investigate the potential of graphene (Gp) to induce odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation in dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). Gp was produced by chemical vapor deposition. DPSC were seeded on Gp or glass (Gl). Cells were maintained in culture medium for 28 days. Every two days, culture medium from Gp was used to treat cells on Gl and vice versa. Mineralization and differentiation of DPSC on all substrates were evaluated...