Esophageal dysfunction in different stages of Parkinson's disease

Background Dysphagia is a clinically relevant symptom in patients with Parkinson's disease ( PD ) leading to pronounced reduction in quality of life and other severe complications. Parkinson's disease‐related dysphagia may affect the oral and pharyngeal, as well as the esophageal phase of swallowing. Methods To examine the nature and extend of esophageal dysphagia in different stages of PD and their relation to oropharyngeal dysfunction, we...