Bufalin suppresses cancer stem-like cells in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells via Hedgehog signaling

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are important in cancer, as these cells possess enhanced tumor-forming capabilities and are resistant to current anticancer therapies. Agents with the ability to suppress CSCs are likely to provide novel opportunities for combating tumor proliferation and metastasis. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of bufalin on pancreatic CSCs in vivo and in vitro. Using a serum‑free suspension culture, tumor spheres...