Numerical analysis of undercut defect mechanism in high speed gas tungsten arc welding

A computational fluid dynamics model is developed to investigate undercut defect formation in high speed gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. Double-ellipse arc shear stress model and modified double-ellipse arc heat source and arc pressure models are used, which are self-adaptive to weld pool surface evolution. The heat and mass transfer in weld pool and solidified weld bead profile are simulated and the undercut mechanism are discussed....