Intestinal Dysbiosis, Barrier Dysfunction, and Bacterial Translocation Account for CKD–Related Systemic Inflammation

CKD associates with systemic inflammation, but the underlying cause is unknown. Here, we investigated the involvement of intestinal microbiota. We report that collagen type 4 α 3–deficient mice with Alport syndrome–related progressive CKD displayed systemic inflammation, including increased plasma levels of pentraxin-2 and activated antigen–presenting cells, CD4 and CD8 T cells, and Th17– or IFNγ–producing T cells in the spleen as well as...