Guiding synovial inflammation by macrophage phenotype modulation: an in vitro study towards a therapy for osteoarthritis

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to modulate inflammation in synovial explants with the compounds: dexamethasone, rapamycin, bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) and pravastatin, and to investigate the modulatory capacity of the compounds on specific macrophage phenotypes.DesignSynovial explants from osteoarthritis (OA) patients were treated with 10−6 M dexamethasone, 100 ng/mL rapamycin, 500 ng/mL BMP-7 or 50 μM pravastatin. Half of the...