Immunomodulatory effects ofEchinacea laevigataethanol tinctures produced from different organs

Echinacea supplements may prevent or reduce symptoms of upper respiratory infections by immunomodulation, possibly by altering the cytokine profile. Compared with other species in the genus, the immunomodulatory properties of Echinacea laeviagata are poorly characterized. The purposes of this study were to compare the diversity and quantity of known bioactive compounds from aboveground organs of E. laevigata, and to characterize the in vitro...