Longitudinal Effects of Parent–Child Interactions on Children’s Social Competence

Purpose: This study examined normative change in children’s levels of social competence and parent–child interactions (PCIs) from kindergarten through second grade as well as relations between levels of PCI and children’s social development. Methods: Multiple waves of data were collected from parents and teachers of 379 children ranging in age from 4 to 6½ years. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to estimate change over time in social...