Mode of Proximal Tubule Damage: Differential Cause for the Release of TFF3?

Proximal tubular epithelial cells are particularly sensitive to damage. In search of a biomarker, this study evaluated the potential of different cell activation models (hypoxia/replenishment and protein overload) to lead to a release of TFF3 (Trefoil factor 3). Surprisingly, we found disparity in the ability of the different stimuli to enhance the intracellular abundance of TFF3 and its release: While conditions of nutrient starvation and...