Gender, Racial, and Health Insurance Differences in the Trend of Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator (ICD) Utilization: A United States Experience Over the Last Decade

Prior studies have highlighted disparities in cardiac lifesaving procedure utilization, particularly among women and in minorities. Although there has been a significant increase in implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator ( ICD ) insertion, socioeconomic disparities still exist in the trend of ICD utilization. With the use of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2003 through 2011, we identified subjects with ICD insertion (procedure code 37.94)...