Valve-in-Valve Procedures in Failing Biological Xenografts Using a Novel Balloon-Expandable Device: Experience in Aortic, Mitral, and Tricuspid Positions

Background Valve-in-valve (ViV) procedures for degenerated bioprostheses are an alternative for the standard of care in an aging population. Several reports showed that the Edwards Sapien XT (Edwards Lifesciences Co., Irvine, California, United States) transcatheter heart valve (THV) can be used in aortic, mitral, and tricuspid position for ViV procedures. No published case series for different valve positions exist regarding suitability of the...