Spatial variability in longitudinal elastic modulus of clear timber

Different factors such as age, location of timber within the tree, structural imperfections, load history such as wind and snow etc. can affect the material properties of timber taken from the same species, and grown in the same geographical location and local growth conditions. Consequently, there is a high variability in the mechanical properties [1-2]. This variability is both spatial and random, and is sometimes referred to as ‘random...