The Starling forces that oppose filtration in the presence of tissue loading

The net fluid flow across the capillary walls and the formation of lymph are governed by the imbalance of the hydrostatic pressure and protein osmotic pressure difference across the vessel wall. Contrary to the current interpretation of the Starling forces, we propose that the effective oncotic force that opposes fluid filtration is the local oncotic pressure difference across the endothelial surface glycocalyx and not the global difference in...