Shotgun Proteomics Analysis of Differentially Expressed Urinary Proteins Involved in the Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Numerous investigations underlying the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis as well as detection at an early stage based on hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HbsAg) concentration in serum and aflatoxin metabolites in urine have been commonly reported in the literature. To date, these biomarkers, even though specific and accurate, are not universal for the detection of HCC elicited by all causative factors. In addition, potential biomarkers...