Parametric study of crushing parameters and failure patterns of pultruded composite tubes using cohesive elements and seam: Part II – Multiple delaminations and initial geometric imperfections

Part I presented the circumferential central delamination and triggering modelling of composite tubes and their influence on predicting the peak crush load and the corresponding energy absorption. The knowledge of failure patterns is very important for the design architecture of an energy absorbing element and its placement in the structure. In this study, the failure patterns of pultruded circular and square cross sectional glass polyester...