Titanium in the geothermal industry

Titanium resists seawater and brine at temperatures as high as 260 °C, and is also resistant to corrosion by sulphur dioxide; hydrogen sulphide; and aqueous solutions of those gases. Titanium is fully resistant to corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in the standard NACE test solution containing 3000 ppm dissolved H2S, 5% NaCl, and 0.5% acetic acid (pH 3.5). To avoid pitting at temperatures above 80 °C, titanium alloys containing nickel,...